NIST Selects HQC as Fifth Algorithm for Post-Quantum Encryption

NIST has chosen a new backup encryption algorithm called HQC to augment its primary post-quantum standard (Kyber-based ML-KEM). HQC uses different math than the main algorithm, providing a second line of defense if a weakness is found in the primary. NIST plans to publish a draft standard for HQC in ~2026 and finalize it by 2027​nist.gov​nist.gov.